Welcome to my blog!

The companion workshop to Andy's new book 'Transcending CSS - The Fine Art of Web Design', this session will lift the lid on web technologies including XHTML, CSS and DOM scripting and show you exactly where tey fit in with modern web design. Andy will reveal the benefits of working with meaningful XHTML markup, he will help you look...

3G Rss

An Introduction to 3G Technology

Posted by admin | Posted in 3G | Posted on 30-07-2009

3G services for mobile devices have been introduced by various handset

creators and cellular carriers. The companies, however, are not very good

at explaining the exact details, except for a given few. There seems to be

a missing link between the current standard from previous services provided

by 2.5G or 2G technology. Knowing the types and details will help you pick

the right tools for your personal use or business. Here are some features.

About 3G

3G cellular technology is defined as the provision of wireless broadband

data and information services right to a person’s mobile unit. Compared to

the previous technologies, 3G promises speeds ranging from 144 Kbps, which

is 3 times faster compared to the traditional 56K dial-up modem connection

up to 2.4 Mbps, which is very near cable-modem speed. The networks of 3G

allows you to browse quickly through web pages, watch on-demand video

programs, download and play music, videos and 3D games, watch streaming

videos and music videos and have a video conference with others located on

the other side of the plant.

More Developments

The HSDPA is a new technology, which may also be called 3.5G, coming very

soon. This offers fasters speeds of up to 7.2 Mbps and also promises the

likes of 14.4 Mbps very soon. The interface is very much different on a

cellular phone, but other experiences like downloading, streaming, web

browsing and sending messages and email can be very comparable to a

computer broadband connection.

As of the present, there are 3 big carriers that introduced and launched 3G

services. There is also a wide array of 3G-enabled handsets now. In early

2005, Verizon Wireless first marketed the devices. Sprint and Cingular

followed soon after. Cingular is now known as AT&T. T-Mobile is also

joining the pack as it introduces its new 3G network in 2008.

The Accesses

Currently, 3G technology is the most recent in mobile communications. 3G is

the shorter term for third generation, making analogue cellular technology

generation one and digital/PCS generation two. The 3G technology is planned

and devised for the real multimedia cellular phone, also known as smart

phones. These tools feature higher bandwidths and transfer rates to cater

to web-based applications and phone-based video and audio data files.

The most common include CDMA2000, which is based on code division multiple

access, TD-SCDMA, which stands for Time-division Synchronous Code-division

Multiple Access and WCDMA or UMTS which stands for Wideband Code Division

Multiple Access.

The Networks

3G networks have the capability of transferring speeds up to 3 Mbps which

is equivalent to around 15 seconds for every download of a 3-minute MP3

song. To compare, the speediest 3G cellular phones can move speeds up to

144 Kbps, which is equivalent to around 8 minutes to download a 3-minute

MP3 song. The high data rates of 3G are recommended when downloading or

acquiring information online, as well as sending and receiving huge

multimedia files.

3G phones are comparable to small laptops that can cater to several

broadband applications like browsing the internet, receiving streaming

videos online, video conferencing and sending and receiving faxes. The

soaring towers are among the most important element of the group, allowing

the data to be transferred from one hone to another. 3G basically is a

cellular phone network protocol.

You can get more info about smartphones by visiting the manufacturer web

site.

About the CDMA2000

Posted by admin | Posted in body language | Posted on 27-07-2009

There are different platforms or types of 3G technology. Each manufacturer

has created and developed some of the most innovative products and mobile

handsets. The CDMA2000 is one of the 3 major types. It has different

features and tools also that will surely give you a whole new experience,

unlike other technologies before it. Here are the details on how to make

the most out of the specification.

Introduction

The CDMA2000 specification was created and developed by the Third

Generation Partnership Project 2 or 3GPP2, which is a partnership that

consists of 5 telecommunication standard bodies: TTC and ARIB in Japan, TTA

in Korea, TIA in North America and CWTS in China. CDMA2000 has been

implemented to a lot of networks as an evolutionary step from CDMAOne.

CDMA2000 gives a full backward compatibility with IS-95B.

CDMA2000 is not contained only into a single IMT-2000 and, although

managers have the ability to overlay ACDMA2000 1x system. The system backs

144 Kbps at present, with data rates running up to 307 Kbps in the near

future, over the other present CDMAOne network.

Evolving the Technology

CDMA2000 1xEV is the other name of the evolved CDMA2000. This technology

will be implemented via a number of steps, namely the 1xEV-DV and 1xEV-DO.

1xEV-DO which represents 1x Evolution Data Only. 1xEV-DV represents 1x

Evolution Data and Voice. The two 1xEV CDMA2000 evolution steps will use a

carrier standard 1.25 Mhz. 1xEV-DO will most likely be available for the

operators CDMA2000 during 2002. The solutions for 1xEV-DV were made

available in 2004.

CDMA2000 3x and CDMA2000 1x EV-DO are approved by ITU and IMT-2000 3G

basics. CDMA2000 3x is a portion of what the ITU has called IMT-2000 CDMA

MC or Multi Carrier. This uses a lower than 5 MHz spectrum via 3x 1.25 MHz

channels to provide speeds of more than 2 Mbps.

The Technical Summary

As for the summary of the CDMA2000, the frequency band can be any type or

existing and. The minimum frequency band needed for 1x is 2 x 1.25 MHz. For

3x, the required is 2 x 3.75 Mhz. Chip rate for 1x is 1.2288. For 3x, chip

rate is 3.6864 Mcps. The maximum user data rate for 1x is 144 Kbps at

present and 307 Kbps in the near future. As for 1xEV-DO, the max rate is

384 Kbps to 2.4 Mbps. The frame length is 5 ms, 10 ms or 20 ms. As for

power control rate, it is at 800 Hz. The spreading factors are 4 256 UL.

On WCDMA

W-CDMA in 3G is known as wideband code division multiple access. It is one

of the main technologies used for the implementation of 3G cellular

systems. It is founded on the radio access method give by ETSI Alpha group

with the features and specifications finalized in 1999. The implementation

of W-CDMA will cover very technical details. The complexity of the systems

can be seen from various angles. These include the complexity of the

receiver, the complexity of the overall system and the complexity of the

single algorithm.

In W-CDMA, the interface allows users of 3G to instantly send and get

various data rates. UMTS networks will need the support of all current 2G

services and several new services and applications. You should consider if

this will be the right technique for you.

3G History and Background

Posted by admin | Posted in 3G | Posted on 24-07-2009

3G has dominated the modern world in just a few years. Although the

technology is relatively new, there are already so many devices taking

advantage of the functions. You can use it regardless of location, so work

and leisure becomes more efficient. You have to know a little about 3G

history to know how unique it is compared to other updates in the past.

Here are some details and applications of the technology.

Defining 3G

3G is also called third generation. It is named as such because it is the

third generation of the standards of telecommunication hardware. It is also

the general technology for mobile networking, passing the recent 2.5G. The

technology is founded on the ITU or International Telecommunication Union

group of standards which belongs to the IMT-2000.

3G networks allow network operators to provide users a bigger range of the

latest services, as it gets bigger network capacity via heightened spectral

efficiency. The included services are video calls, wide-area wireless voice

telephone and broadband wireless information, all included within the

mobile environment. More features included are HSPA data transmission

capacities that can send data rates reaching 14.4 Mbit/s on the downlink

and the uplink at 5.8 Mbit/s.

Networks

Different to the IEEE 802.11 networks, that are usually known as WLAN or

Wi-Fi networks, the 3G networks cover a very wide area of cellular

telephone networks that turn into incorporate high-speed internet

connection and video telephony. IEEE 802.11 networks have a short range,

with high-bandwidth networks mainly created and improved for data and

information.

History and Start

The first 3G network offered for commercial use was launched in Japan by

NTT DoCoMo. The network had the brand name FOMA and was introduced in May

2001 on a W-CDMA technology pre-release. The initial commercial launch of

3G was also done by NTT DoCoMo in Japan. This happened on October 1, 2001,

although the technology was still very limited in terms of scope at the

beginning. The broad availability, due to inadequate reliability had to be

delayed.

SK Telecom from South Korea was the second network that was released

commercially live. This was on the 1xEV-DO technology dated January 2002.

In May 2002, the second 3G network from South Korea was on EV-DO by KTF,

posing Koreans as the first to view the competition of all 3G operators.

Isle of Man by Manx Telcom was the first pre-commercial network released

from Europe. At that time, the operator went by the name British Telecom.

Telenor opened the first commercial network in Europe for business in

December 2001. There were no commercial handsets, however, so there was

also zero clients. These were on the W-CDMA technology.

The United States

The first 3G network in the United States that was released commercially

was by Monet Mobile Networks. This was on CDMA2000 1x EV-DO technology.

Later on, the network provider had to shut down operations. Verizon

Wireless released the second 3G network operator in the United States in

October 2003.

This was on CDMA2000 EV-DO, with a strongly growing network since. More and

more countries adopted the changing technology and incorporated the use of

3G with mobile phones and handsets. Today, 3G is a very common feature

among modern models and designs, with more innovations and heightened

efficiency being introduced every year.

Where 3G is Now

Posted by admin | Posted in 3G | Posted on 21-07-2009

Technology changes very quickly, which is why you have to be very sure

about the gadgets and tools you purchase to get the most benefits. There

are several generations available, as far as mobile phones are concerned.

You may find that some are still very functional enough to provide for your

personal and professional needs. Here are some details about the technology

and corresponding network.

The Technical Terms

Generations are defined according to their period of existence. The first

kinds are 1G networks, namely C-Nets, NMT, TACS and AMPS which are

categorized among the first analogue cellular systems. These began in the

early periods of the 1980s. There are radio telephone systems before these.

The 2G networks, namely DAMPS, GSM and CDMAOne are the initial digital

cellular systems released during the early 1990s. The 2.5G networks,

CDMA2000 1x and GPRS are the improved versions of the 2G networks with

information speeds moving up to 144 Kbps.

3G networks, namely UMTS TDD and UMTS FDD, CDMA2000 3x, TD-SCDMA, CDMA2000

1x EVDO, Arib WCDMA, IMT-2000 DECT and EDGE are the most recent cellular

networks with data rates ranging up to 384 Kbit/s and higher. 4G is

generally a marketing concept at present. There are already studies and

research being conducted to develop the 4G, although no frequencies have

been assigned yet. This newest technology is expected to launch in 2012.

The International Groups

ETSI or European Telecommunications Standards Institute is functioning in

Europe to improve technical standards for the UMTS. 3GPP or 3rd Generation

Partnership Project is a participation between international standards

groups will lead to UMTS and 3G mobile telephony technical specifications.

The starting members include TTC and ARIB from Japan, TTA of Korea, T1

(ANSI) of the United States and ETSI from Europe. The function of the

groups is presented globally by the ITU or International Telecommunication

Union.

ITU direct worldwide spectrum and the standardization of IMT2000, lets

regional regulatory policies work together and is a framework and base for

3G combination over different technologies and regions. The UMTS Forum

shows the opinions and views of the telecommunication operators and

industry. These are a mobile operator group, together with GSM Associates.

European Union or EU brings together the 15 members on implementation of

the UMTS.

Comparing UMTS

UMTS is quite different and unique from other 2G networks at present. It

offers higher speech quality that available networks now have, in addition

to speech traffic UMTS, with information services and advanced information.

UMTS is advantageous compared to 2G because of its capacity to support 2

Mbit/s data speeds. UMTS is considered as a true global system, made of

both satellite and terrestrial components. The consistent service area is

one of the best aspects, even when the person is roaming through the VHE or

Virtual Home Environment. Users still get to have a variety of services,

despite a roaming status.

Being Wideband

WCDMA is called wideband, because 3G WCDMA systems have a bandwidth of 5

MHz in a single direction. 5 MHz is not considered wide or narrow, but the

bandwidth is relatively very high. The recent 3G WCDMA systems have a

bigger bandwidth compared to current 2G CDMA systems. The new 3G WCDMA

systems have wider bandwidth compared to current CDMA systems. There are

also commercial CDMA systems with 20 MHz bandwidth.

UMTS and 3G

Posted by admin | Posted in 3G | Posted on 18-07-2009

There are several systems developed for 3G technology, which explains why

people should be more aware about the changes and details of their new

gadgets. 3G devices can cost a lot of money, so you should learn how to

check the specs and platforms first if these work very well for your

personal functions and work. UMTS is one of the most common systems. You

will find that it is also one of the most ideal to use if ever you choose

to invest.

Defining UMTS

UMTS stands for Universal Mobile Telephone System. It is one of the 3G or

third generation mobile systems created and developed inside the framework

of the ITU IMT-2000. It presents the new generation of broadband

multi-media mobile telecommunications technology. The area covered by

service providers will be on a global scale, through the FLMTS type or

Future Land Mobile Telecommunications Services.

This is now known as IMT2000. The coverage will be given through a mixture

of cell sizes starting from in-building Pico Cells to the satellite Global

Cells. These provide services to the far areas of the globe. The UMTS is

not an alternative of 2G or second generation technologies like DCS1800,

GSM and CDMA that constantly changes to their optimum potential.

The Various Kinds

There are several networks types featured by 3G technology. ITU suggestion

ITU-R M.1457 indicates 5 kinds of 3G radio interfaces. Inclusions are the

IMT-2000 DECT assisted by the DECT forum, the IMT-2000 TDMA Single Carrier,

which is also called UWC-136 or Edge, assisted by UWCC, the IMT-2000 CDMA

that spreads directly, also called UTRA FDD which includes WCDMA in Japan.

UMTS is developed by 3GPP, IMT-20000 CDMA, also called CDMA2000 3x

developed by 3GPP and IMT-2000 CDMA TDD which is also called UTRA TDD and

TD-SCDMA.

The Core Networks

There are various types of 3G core networks. The group IMT-2000 of 3G

systems involves 3 kinds of core network technology. The first one is the

Internet Protocol based in the future to be specific, the GSM based

protocols over SS7 protocols for signalling and the ANSI-41 based or IS-634

protocols for sending signals.

CDMA2000 and UMTS Comparison

If you want to compare UMTS and CDMA2000, you can begin by telling their

origins. Both were developed individuals and are separate 3G standards

approved by ITU. CDMA2000 1xRT and future CDMA2000 3x were enhanced to be

backward compatible with CDMA One. The two 1x types are similar in terms of

bandwidth and chip rate. Successful deployment in America requires backward

compatibility. UMTS was enhanced primarily for nations having GSM networks.

These prime countries are prioritized, since they agree to free new

frequency ranges for the networks of UMTS. The benefit is that there are a

lot of new capacities for operators because of the new range of frequency.

3GPP manages the standard development and keeps the core network very close

to GSM network as much as possible.

Compatibility

UMTS cellular phone units are not intended to be backward compatible with

the systems of GSM. There are two flavors available for UMTS, namely FDD

and TDD. FDD is implemented first. There are also a number of

harmonizations done between the systems, such as pilot issues and chip

rate. Always consider your intended functions and level of experience

before choosing the right kind to buy and use.

The Platforms of 3G

Posted by admin | Posted in 3G | Posted on 15-07-2009

3G, just like other types of technology, also comes in various kinds and

platforms. Depending on the model, the speed, capacity and overall feature

will also differ. Customers will have to pay more for very advanced

designs, complete with the important functions. Some of the top

manufacturers and investors have poured in a lot of effort and money just

to create the right components that will best suit consumers all over the

world.

On Freescale

Freescale features a wide range of platforms on the cellular level,

complete with components that will match the time-to-market and minimal

cost requirements of ODMs and OEMs. There is opening operating system

support which also includes S60, Microsoft Windows Mobile, Symbian and

Linux. One-core modem architecture applies software to isolate modem and

other applications on hardware that is shared. This significantly minimizes

sophistication and simplifies the software development and speed time to

market by around 6 months.

Features and Products

The world-class security in software and hardware for secure transactions

is also featured. Freescale also has low power style that incorporates

sophisticated techniques like dynamic voltage scaling, low leakage process

for optimum usage time and clock gating. There is reduced component

quantity for sleek, slim and modern styled handsets.

Some of the products available include the MXC300-30 and MXC275-30. The

300-30 is a lone core modem platform of 3G which is used mainly for EDGE,

GSM, GPRS, HSPA and UMTS/WCDMA. The MX275-30 is a 2.75 one-core modem

platform that is mainly used for EDGE Type 12, GSM and GPRS.

The Technologies

The MXC300-30 boasts of the MXC one-core modem architecture, the LTE that

will send desktop information rates to cellular tools and devices and the

HSPA for quick 3G speeds immediately. The MXC300-30 is the initial platform

that has the 3G single core modem. The single core processor located at the

center mixes the StarCore SC140e Digital Signal Processor or DSP that

functions at a maximum of 250 MHz and a processor core, ARM1136 that

functions up to 532 MHz. The single core modem manages all signalling

protocol layers L1, L2 and L3 for 3G, 2.5G and 2.75G standards, involving

the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), EDGE or Enhanced Data

for GSM, GPRS or General Packet Radio Service and WCDMA or wideband code

division multiple access.

Features

The device features the StarCore SC140 DSP with a speed maximizing at 250

MHz. It also has an ARM11 applications processor with a maximum speed of

532 MHz. Other features include Quad-band GSM 850/900/1800/1900 MHz and

WCDMA tri-band 850/1900/2100 MHz. HSDPA has 3.6 Mbps. There is also an

optimization for open operating systems such as Symbian and Linux,

excluding the addition of any accelerator or processor.

There is a single antenna interference that cancels the GMSK or Gaussian

minimum shift keying. Wireless connectivity features include the Bluetooth

interface support, wireless local area network or WLAN and Digital Video

Broadcasting-Handhelds or DVB-H interface support. The features are fairly

similar to others that are also sold in the same class.

The Device

You can learn more about other available powerful tools and devices on the

internet and by visiting telecommunications shops and service providers.

Find out more about the important features and how these can work well with

your lifestyle and occupation. Price will vary, depending on the included

features and tools.

The Evolution of 3G

Posted by admin | Posted in 3G | Posted on 12-07-2009

3G is beginning to be standardized because more and more users want to know

whether their connectivity is within optimal range. Various tools and

options are being featured by various manufacturers all over the world.

Perhaps in a few years, individuals will get to experience higher

capacities and better efficiency in the form of 4G. Here are some more

details about the standardization and what other nations have been up to

lately.

The Progression

The standardization of 3G evolution is improving in both the 3GPP2 and

3GPP. The related specifications of 3GPP2 and 3GPP developments are known

as UMB and LTE, respectively. Qualcomm has cancelled developments on UMB in

November 2008. 3G evolution applies a part that goes further than 3G

technologies to boost the performance and functions, as well as create a

smoother migration path for users.

There are various ways from 2G to 3G. The main path begins in Europe from

GSM once GPRS is added to a given system. From a given point, it is

possible to be directed to the UMTS system. The system evolution in North

America will begin from TDMA or Time division multiple access, change to

EDGE or Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution or EDGE, then finally to

UMTS.

The Others

A couple of 3G standards are being used and applied in Japan namely W-CDMA

done by NTT DoCoMo. This is FOMA, which is attuned to UMTS, and Softbank

Mobile which uses UMTS. CDMA2000, is used by KDDI. The transition for

marketing reasons to 3G was finalized in Japan in 2006. 3G, when first

introduced in the form of UMTS and HSDPA technology was managed by SETAR in

the Caribbean, particularly Aruba in December 2007. The network’s

implementation phase was brought out by Alcatel-Lucent. SETAR also

implemented a 3G network founded on CDMA 1X EV-DO dated April 2007.

The Networks

Broadband internet is not the only one that can be exploited using

multi-megabits speeds. VOIP and video calling can also be done. HSDPA or

high speed data packet access has capacities of taking 14.4 Mbit/s

downstream, which is faster compared to majority of the standard lines.

This is still faster compared to cities belonging to advanced and

well-developed places. The capabilities of 5.8 Mbit/s uplink is above 10

times better than standard ADSL. It is also 7 times faster compared to the

number one cable provider, Virgin Media.

Growing Networks

At present, there are about 400 3G and HSDPA networks all over the globe in

one-fourth of the nations in the world. The migration of worldwide

subscribers to 3G has already exceeded 15%, not to mention more than 35%

among nations where 3G has been launched by the end of 2008. Several

operators have launched fixed rate data plans and low cost plans for 3G

information use, leading to the increase in usage and reduced costs.

During the launch of 3.5G HSDPA, the technology is given as a movable

broadband modem link for both laptop and desktop users. These are priced at

the low end for consumer affordability. 3G data can be quite pricey when

roaming, with the average cost for every megabyte priced at around 10

dollars.

It will be very difficult to us several megabytes because of the

undeveloped speeds that several networks give. You should assess and

compare prices from different network providers first.

The 3G Networks 101

Posted by admin | Posted in 3G | Posted on 09-07-2009

There are several networks available when using various types of 3G

accessories and gadgets. You have to consider the details and different

data speeds, to understand and know if you are getting enough for your

money. You can learn more about networks by visiting their respective web

sites or companies. You should know which brands are leading and which ones

still need some improvement. Here are some more details.

Turn Key 3G Network

No network vendor can provide all components and equipment to the full 3G

network. There are a limited number of individuals considered as a main

contractor to create a turn-key 3G network. Normally, network vendors can

bring partners like applications providers and service, civil work, handset

manufacturers and acquisition industries.

The current short list of major vendors for the UMTS networks considered as

turn-key are Alcatel, Lucent, Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, Nortel and NEC or

Siemens. The present short list of main vendors for CDMA2000 networks

categorized as turn-key include LG Electronics, Lucent, Ericsson, Motorola,

Samsung and Nortel.

Costs of the Network

A 3G network can be built for a certain price. You can get more information

by reading annual reports and contract announcements. These will indicate

the sum of money that operators will spend on buildings and infrastructure.

In each nation, a carrier will need to spend about the same costs to create

a 3G network of the same size. All operators generally spend the same

amount of money for every subscriber.

Spending details will include services such as integration, logistics,

planning, commissioning, testing and many more. Press reports present that

operators in Europe spend about 650 euro for every 3G subscriber for site

civil works, infrastructure and planning services. The figure are expected

to get lower in a few years. There are several other fees to consider also,

like licensing.

Ensuring Safety

On electromagnetic radiation safety, you have to go to the latest

government EMR or standard or electromagnetic radiation. You may also check

and review the government web site. The government pages should contain

more data and information. You can get a booklet that provides guidelines

including details like, the safety zone around the transmission and mobile

antennas, local guidelines on the location of the antenna, the combined

radiation field values computed from various antennas on a single rooftop,

how the EMR computations are made and power levels of interior antennas.

More on EMR

The government frequently do not indicate the right values that are safe or

unsafe, for legitimate reasons. EU nations usually issue a number of steps

or guidelines that are considered quite rough compared to the standards

given by the EU. The American FDA has a clear statement too. There are more

than 700 studies and tests related to EMR without a real known outcome. You

should consider the risks and potential threats associated with the

continuous development of the 3G technology, and others more powerful than

it.

Base Stations

There are many factors to consider, to check if base stations are required

for a network for UMTS. Some inclusions are financial support for the

network build, economical factor to create sites, required coverage areas

related to a license agreement, design preferences of company experience to

implement the provided plan, coverage requirement for clients and amount of

frequencies that the available carriers have.

Some Consequences of 3G

Posted by admin | Posted in 3G | Posted on 06-07-2009

Since 3G is a very new technology, it is easy to expect that there are some

drawbacks as well. More and more developments are being conducted by

various manufacturers worldwide, to better cater to the needs of consumers.

You can take advantage by getting to know your gadgets and tools from the

inside out. Here are some details on the possible consequences and if you

should consider getting your own 3G mobile unit.

Some Backfires

Some devices, particularly the iPhone 3G, has no instant messaging options

or MMS. You then take out the advantage of sending and receiving photos via

MMS. There is inadequate or missing expandable memory too. A number of

devices may appear in a couple of variants, namely the 8 and 16 GB built-in

memory.

The non-detachable battery also is a disadvantage, since you have to put

two and two together to get the needed energy. There are also limited

service provider selections, so you do not get to pick your personal ISP.

Instead it is taken and sold via a certain MSP Mobile Service Provider. The

price of some 3G tools also may be very expensive for a number of

individuals. You should learn how to compare your options on the internet

and through local dealers.

From GPRS to UMTS

Several network elements can be used again, starting from GPRS network. The

included ones are HLR or home location register, VLR or visitor location

register, EIR or equipment identity register, MSC or mobile switching

center which is vendor dependent, AUC or authentication center, GGSN or

gateway GPRS support node and SGSN which is vendor dependent or serving

GPRS support node.

If you are starting from GSM or global service for mobile communication

radio network, you cannot use some elements again, such as BSC or base

station controller and BTS or base transceiver station. These can stay

inside the network and be used in two network operations wherein 2G and 3G

networks exist together. At this occasion the network migration and recent

3G terminals are also present for use within the network.

Some Functionalities

The UMTS network shows and introduces some recent network elements that

work as specified by 3GPP, namely MGW or media gateway, base station or

node B or RNC or radio network controller. The functions of SGSN and MSC

will vary when going toward UMTS. In a GSM system, the MSG controls all the

circuit switched operations such as linking A and B subscriber through the

network. In UMTS, the MGW or media gateway is responsible for all types of

data transferred in both the pack switched networks and the circuits. MSC

and SGSN manage operations of MGW. The nodes will be named again to GSN and

MSC servers.

Discussing Security

Compared to its 2G predecessors, 3G networks are a lot more secure. It

allows the UE to authenticate the network it is attaching to, allowing the

user to be certain that the network is the right one and not just a mere

impersonator. 3G networks usually make use of the KASUMI block crypto,

compared to the old A5/1 stream cipher. Several major weaknesses in the

cipher have been discovered, however.

There is also end to end security provided when application frameworks like

IMS are accessed.

Plus and Minuses of 3G Technology

Posted by admin | Posted in body language | Posted on 03-07-2009

3G technology has taken the world by storm, with more and more users

converting into the new platforms and systems that promise faster

downloads, more efficient communication processes and better online

experiences. You can get ahead by knowing the possible opportunities and

pitfalls as well. Some people successfully make the transition from 2G to

3G, while others just prefer more traditional methods. Here are some

starter tips.

New Technologies

3G technology is the latest one that offers faster data transfers through

people’s cellular phones. 3G stands for third generation mobile telephone

communication systems technology. People will be able to receive and

transmit data at a rate of 2 Megabits for every second. 3G cellular phones

are also capable of having conventional fax, data and voice services, plus

multimedia and high-resolution video services that can be used, while you

are mobile. Other mobile office services are included such as

online-billing, online banking, access to the internet, online

entertainment and video conferencing.

This type of mobile telephone technology significantly improves the means

of communication for millions of individuals all over the globe. They can

also discover new functions and uses for their cellular phones for both

work and personal use.

More Benefits

One of the more known advantages of 3G technology, is that it allows your

phone’s capacity to view television shows through your cellular phone. You

can also experience video conversations with other individuals, regardless

of the time and place, who are also investing in 3G technology.

3G phones have become one of the most powerful devices available. People

get to conduct video conferencing if ever their flight gets delayed or they

have other location problems. Some of the other useful applications of 3G

phones include positioning services, map services and multiplayer gaming,

which appeals to both teenagers and kids.

Getting More

The 3G technology allows cellular phones to be capable of work regardless

of the owner’s location and the time, because of the several available

applications. You can instantly simply tasks and scheduled activities, such

as shopping, so that you can order items that need to be restocked. You can

require and order goods over the internet, and have them ready for pickup

to help you save more time and energy.

You can also balance checks and pay your bills and debts, by simply logging

on to your bank account via the 3G gadgets you have. You can book dinners

and hotel reservations in advance, in other cities and countries. 3G

technology also gives you enough time and space to work to optimum levels.

Teleconferencing is among the most excellent applications for 3G technology

at work.

Changes and Enhancements

Despite the fact that 3G technology provide new changes and advanced

methods in telecommunication, there are a number of things that may make

the technology consequential. These new 3G cellular phones are actually a

lot pricier, compared to traditional models. People can also do video

conferences only with other 3G subscribers. There are several enhancements

to features and applications, which is why you should consider the kinds of

work you plan to do, to determine if the technology is the best one for

your needs.

Newer technologies are also in the wo and 3.5G. You can

choose to wait for these, or describe the new changes as worthy of your

hard-earned cash.